Globally, about one-third of human deaths are attributable to infections. In addition, the so-called non-infectious causes of death often have a mysterious infectious etiology. Many rare diseases or orphan diseases caused by infectious agents rather than genetic or environmental factors.

Rare cancers caused by simple genetic mutations and common cancers tend to be caused by a complex set of genetic and epigenetic aberrations that continually grow in number as the tumor develops. A cancer is considered to be rare if- 1. It starts in an uncommon place in the body, 2. The cancer is an unusual type and may need special treatment, 3. It is not one of the common types of cancer.

An emerging infectious disease (EID) is a contagious disease whose occurrence has boosted in the last 50 years and chances are there that it could increase in the coming future. Emerging infections account for at least 15% of all human pathogens. EIDs are caused by freshly identified strains that may have emerged from a known infection or transferred to a new community or to a field undergoing conserves metamorphosis, or remerging infections. Of thriving concern are adverse synergistic communication between emerging diseases and other infectious and non-infectious conditions ruling to the evolution of unusual syndemics. Many emerging diseases are zoonotic or synoptic - an animal receptacle incubates the organism, with only random conveyance into human populations. Infectious Diseases square amplitude ataxia caused by microorganism such as viruses, fungi or parasites. Infectious diseases is also, foodborne, vector borne, air borne in  related as  further more  in plants and animals. They essentially affirm on the pathological approach of the microorganism and their therapeutic amplifications, synthesis of division of particularly clinical and diagnostic biology that deals with the cure endurance of the contagious diseases. It exemplifies associate degree progressively mandatory for human pessimism and fatality reason throughout the map.

 Viral Infectious Disease occurs when an organism's body is invaded by pathogenic viruses, and infectious virus particles (virions) attach to and enter susceptible cells. There are many types of viruses that cause a wide variety of viral diseases. The most common type of viral disease is the common cold, which is caused by a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract (nose and throat). Viral diseases are contagious and spread from person to person when a virus enters the body and begins to multiply. Viral diseases result in a wide variety of symptoms that vary in character and severity depending on the type of viral infection and other factors, including the person’s age and overall health.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), also referred as venereal diseases (VD), are infections that are generally disseminated by sex, especially vaginal coition, anal sex or oral sex. Most STIs originally do not cause symptoms. This leads to a greater risk of transferring the disease on to others. Expression and evidences of disease may include vaginal discharge, penile discharge, ulcers on or around the genitals, and pelvic pain. STIs attained before or during birth may result in poor fallout for the baby. Some STIs may cause problems with the capacity to conceive. More than 100 different microbial pathogen can cause STIs. Bacterial STIs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis among others. Viral STIs include genital herpes, HIV/AIDS, and genital warts among others. Parasitic STIs comprises trichomoniasis among others. While usually spread by sex, some of them can also be spread by non-sexual influence with infected blood and tissues, breastfeeding, or during childbirth. STI assay tests are easily available in the developed world. Most STIs are amenable. Of the most common infections, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, are curable, while herpes, hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, and HPV are treatable but not curable. Refusal to certain antibiotics is developing among some strains such as gonorrhea. Not all STIs are emblematic, and symptoms may not appear rapidly after infection. In some cases, a disease can be without any expression, which leaves higher chances of transmission of the disease on to others. Depending on the infection, some untreated STIs can lead to infertility, chronic pain or even death. The occurrence of an STI in prepubescent children may indicate sexual exploitation.

Rare disease drug development could benefit substantially from increased patient engagement and input to enhance understanding of the key aspects of disease impact, ways to measure these impacts and patients' perspectives on the benefit-risk profile of potential therapies.

Pediatric infectious diseases are the contagious diseases which are caused in children of different age groups. Pediatric infectious diseases consultant takes care of the infections occurring in children and the curing approaches vary for children from adults. Spreading of diseases can be through direct contact like touching and indirect contact with the infected person. Droplet transmission is very common. Airborne spreading occurs when germs stay in the air and are carried around on air current.

HIV stands for Human immunodeficiency virus. It harms your immune system by destroying the white blood cells that fight infection. This puts you at risk for serious infections and certain cancers. AIDS stands for Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. It is the final stage of infection with HIV. Not everyone with HIV develops AIDS. People affected by this virus will be susceptible to opportunistic infection or susceptible to tumors. AIDS is the most severe phase of HIV infection.

There are around 7,000 rare diseases, which from a regulatory outlook are defined as those diseases where there are less than 200,000 patients in the US or that affect no more than five in 10,000 of the general population in the EU. Orphan drugs are medicinal products envisioned for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of life-threatening rare diseases. They are "orphans" because the pharmaceutical industry has little interest under normal market conditions in developing and marketing drugs intended for only a small number of patients suffering from very rare conditions.

 Healthcare-associated infections are a threat to patient safety. Hospitalization for an acute illness, trauma, chronic care, or other health care conditions is a common occurrence. There were 39.2 million hospital discharges in 2005, with an average length of stay of 4.6 days. Hospitalization brings associated risks, including risk of infection. Nosocomial infections, or hospital-associated infections, are estimated to occur in 5 percent of all acute care hospitalizations, or 2 million cases per year. Hospital-associated infections have been identified as one of the most serious patient safety issues in health care. Infections that become clinically evident after 48 hours of hospitalization are considered hospital-associated. Risks factors for hospital-associated infections are generally categorized into three areas: iatrogenic, organizational, or patient-related. Iatrogenic risk factors include invasive procedures (e.g., intubation, indwelling vascular lines, urine catheterization) and antibiotic use and prophylaxis. Organizational risk factors include such things as contaminated air-conditioning systems, contaminated water systems, staffing (e.g., nurse-to-patient ratio), and physical layout of the facility (e.g., open beds close together). Examples of patient-related risk factors include severity of illness, immunosuppression, and length of stay.

Retroviruses are pleiotropically found in animals. Two human retroviruses are especially important pathogens. These are the HIV and the human T-cell leukemia virus, HTLV. HIV causes AIDS while HTLV-I is the etiological agent for adult T-cell leukemia. There is a large amount of basic research being conducted on HIV and HTLV-I spanning gene expression, virus structure-assembly, integration, replication, and pathogenesis. Retro virology intends to cover areas of human and animal retrovirus research.

Globally, about one-third of human deaths are attributable to infections. In addition, the so-called non-infectious causes of death often have a mysterious infectious etiology. Many rare diseases or orphan diseases caused by infectious agents rather than genetic or environmental factors.

Mother-to-child transmission of HIV is the spread of HIV from an HIV-infected woman to her child during pregnancy, childbirth (also called labor and delivery), or breastfeeding. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV is also called perinatal transmission of HIV. Mother-to-child transmission is the most common way that children become infected with HIV. The HIV medicine reduces the risk of infection from any HIV that may have entered a baby’s body during childbirth.

The exploration of vaccines has led to the near elimination of several important diseases and has a great impact on health for a relatively low cost. However, most vaccines in use today were developed by techniques that were pioneered more than 50 years ago and do not represent the full potential of the field. The introduction of genetic engineering has triggered rapid proposal in vaccine technology and is now prominent to the entry of new products in the merchandise. Global immunization against certain diseases has led to the abolish of smallpox and has almost complete elimination of  many other infectious agents including those causing diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, rubella, and Hemophilic influenza type B invasive disease. However, three biggest killers—human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, tuberculosis, and malaria—have not yet been adequately concentrated by a vaccine effective enough to accomplish a similar result. In addition, some common vaccine-preventable diseases such as influenza and pertussis continue to cause significant anguishment and fatality. Current advances in vaccine technology deriving from the function of genetic engineering are now providing the liberty to target new diseases. The use of plasmid-based methods also has the capability to urge the production of reassortant vaccines.

Coronavirus are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS- CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Anovel Coronovirus is a new strain that has not been previously identified in Humans.

<span style="\&quot;color:" rgb(0,="" 9,="" 41);="" font-family:="" rubik,="" sans-serif;="" font-size:="" 14px;="" text-align:="" justify;="" background-color:="" rgb(255,="" 255,="" 255);\"="">Dermatology is the branch deals with the hair, nails and skin illness. Human skin goes about as an organic shield against professional oxidative synthetic and physical air toxins; the delayed presentation to large amounts of these contaminations may have significant negative impacts on the skin. Exposing the skin to air poisons has been connected with skin maturing and provocative or unfavourably susceptible skin conditions, for example, atopic dermatitis, dermatitis, psoriasis or skin break out, while skin growth is among the most genuine impacts. Air toxins in the environment can be hurtful to wellbeing, not everybody understands that indoor poisons can bring about extreme issue and different genuine medical problems also.